![]() (D) Serial dependence can occur only for visual features of the same object. (C) Serial dependence can occur at the level of low-level visual features (e.g., orientation, motion, color) and independently of object-level representations. ![]() (C–E) Three possible scenarios illustrating different accounts of the nature of representations involved in serial dependence two different objects-the leaves and the tree-are shown inside green and brown circles, respectively. This leads to systematic errors in perceptual decisions, which tend to be pushed toward the direction of the previous stimulus. (B) To exploit such temporal continuity, the representation of a visual object (here illustrated as a probability distribution over stimulus space) can propagate from one moment to the next, biasing visual representations toward the recent past. (A) Our everyday environment is made of relatively stable and temporally correlated visual features: As we take a walk in the park, the objects around us (e.g., the leaves and trees) tend to remain the same, despite changes in luminance patterns and viewpoints. Serial dependence in visual perception and decision-making. ![]() Among the seemingly contrasting findings on serial dependence, we highlight common patterns that may elucidate the nature of this phenomenon and attempt to identify questions that are unanswered. We also focus on the challenge of finding a relationship between serial dependence and the concept of “object identity,” taking centuries-long history of research into account. Here, we survey the main paradigms and results over the past decade. Yet, the variety of disparate findings and interpretations calls for a more general picture. A growing body of work supports this view, revealing signatures of serial dependence in many diverse visual tasks. In line with this, recent frameworks suggest that the visual system anticipates whether an object seen at one moment is the same as the one seen a moment ago, binding visual representations across consecutive perceptual episodes. How does the visual system represent continuity in the constantly changing visual input? A recent proposal is that vision is serially dependent: Stimuli seen a moment ago influence what we perceive in the present. ![]()
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